fix(ext/node): Match punycode module behavior to node (#22847)

Fixes #19214.

We were using the `idna` crate to implement our polyfill for
`punycode.toASCII` and `punycode.toUnicode`. The `idna` crate is
correct, and adheres to the IDNA2003/2008 spec, but it turns out
`node`'s implementations don't really follow any spec! Instead, node
splits the domain by `'.'` and punycode encodes/decodes each part. This
means that node's implementations will happily work on codepoints that
are disallowed by the IDNA specs, causing the error in #19214.

While fixing this, I went ahead and matched the node behavior on all of
the punycode functions and enabled node's punycode test in our
`node_compat` suite.

6 files changed, 192 insertions, 19 deletions

diff --git a/ext/node/lib.rs b/ext/node/lib.rs
index 6d5a21ace..f9553a038 100644
--- a/ext/node/lib.rs
+++ b/ext/node/lib.rs
@@ -261,6 +261,8 @@ deno_core::extension!(deno_node,
     ops::v8::op_vm_run_in_new_context,
     ops::idna::op_node_idna_domain_to_ascii,
     ops::idna::op_node_idna_domain_to_unicode,
+    ops::idna::op_node_idna_punycode_to_ascii,
+    ops::idna::op_node_idna_punycode_to_unicode,
     ops::idna::op_node_idna_punycode_decode,
     ops::idna::op_node_idna_punycode_encode,
     ops::zlib::op_zlib_new,
diff --git a/ext/node/ops/idna.rs b/ext/node/ops/idna.rs
index 884e812cc..9c9450c70 100644
--- a/ext/node/ops/idna.rs
+++ b/ext/node/ops/idna.rs
@@ -1,16 +1,126 @@
 // Copyright 2018-2024 the Deno authors. All rights reserved. MIT license.
 
-use deno_core::error::AnyError;
+use deno_core::anyhow::Error;
+use deno_core::error::range_error;
 use deno_core::op2;
 
+use std::borrow::Cow;
+
+// map_domain, to_ascii and to_unicode are based on the punycode implementation in node.js
+// https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/73025c4dec042e344eeea7912ed39f7b7c4a3991/lib/punycode.js
+
+const PUNY_PREFIX: &str = "xn--";
+
+fn invalid_input_err() -> Error {
+  range_error("Invalid input")
+}
+
+fn not_basic_err() -> Error {
+  range_error("Illegal input >= 0x80 (not a basic code point)")
+}
+
+/// map a domain by mapping each label with the given function
+fn map_domain<E>(
+  domain: &str,
+  f: impl Fn(&str) -> Result<Cow<'_, str>, E>,
+) -> Result<String, E> {
+  let mut result = String::with_capacity(domain.len());
+  let mut domain = domain;
+
+  // if it's an email, leave the local part as is
+  let mut parts = domain.split('@');
+  if let (Some(local), Some(remaining)) = (parts.next(), parts.next()) {
+    result.push_str(local);
+    result.push('@');
+    domain = remaining;
+  }
+
+  // split into labels and map each one
+  for (i, label) in domain.split('.').enumerate() {
+    if i > 0 {
+      result.push('.');
+    }
+    result.push_str(&f(label)?);
+  }
+  Ok(result)
+}
+
+/// Maps a unicode domain to ascii by punycode encoding each label
+///
+/// Note this is not IDNA2003 or IDNA2008 compliant, rather it matches node.js's punycode implementation
+fn to_ascii(input: &str) -> Result<String, Error> {
+  if input.is_ascii() {
+    return Ok(input.into());
+  }
+
+  let mut result = String::with_capacity(input.len()); // at least as long as input
+
+  let rest = map_domain(input, |label| {
+    if label.is_ascii() {
+      Ok(label.into())
+    } else {
+      idna::punycode::encode_str(label)
+        .map(|encoded| [PUNY_PREFIX, &encoded].join("").into()) // add the prefix
+        .ok_or_else(|| {
+          Error::msg("Input would take more than 63 characters to encode") // only error possible per the docs
+        })
+    }
+  })?;
+
+  result.push_str(&rest);
+  Ok(result)
+}
+
+/// Maps an ascii domain to unicode by punycode decoding each label
+///
+/// Note this is not IDNA2003 or IDNA2008 compliant, rather it matches node.js's punycode implementation
+fn to_unicode(input: &str) -> Result<String, Error> {
+  map_domain(input, |s| {
+    if let Some(puny) = s.strip_prefix(PUNY_PREFIX) {
+      // it's a punycode encoded label
+      Ok(
+        idna::punycode::decode_to_string(&puny.to_lowercase())
+          .ok_or_else(invalid_input_err)?
+          .into(),
+      )
+    } else {
+      Ok(s.into())
+    }
+  })
+}
+
+/// Converts a domain to unicode with behavior that is
+/// compatible with the `punycode` module in node.js
+#[op2]
+#[string]
+pub fn op_node_idna_punycode_to_ascii(
+  #[string] domain: String,
+) -> Result<String, Error> {
+  to_ascii(&domain)
+}
+
+/// Converts a domain to ASCII with behavior that is
+/// compatible with the `punycode` module in node.js
+#[op2]
+#[string]
+pub fn op_node_idna_punycode_to_unicode(
+  #[string] domain: String,
+) -> Result<String, Error> {
+  to_unicode(&domain)
+}
+
+/// Converts a domain to ASCII as per the IDNA spec
+/// (specifically UTS #46)
 #[op2]
 #[string]
 pub fn op_node_idna_domain_to_ascii(
   #[string] domain: String,
-) -> Result<String, AnyError> {
-  Ok(idna::domain_to_ascii(&domain)?)
+) -> Result<String, Error> {
+  idna::domain_to_ascii(&domain).map_err(|e| e.into())
 }
 
+/// Converts a domain to Unicode as per the IDNA spec
+/// (specifically UTS #46)
 #[op2]
 #[string]
 pub fn op_node_idna_domain_to_unicode(#[string] domain: String) -> String {
@@ -19,8 +129,29 @@ pub fn op_node_idna_domain_to_unicode(#[string] domain: String) -> String {
 
 #[op2]
 #[string]
-pub fn op_node_idna_punycode_decode(#[string] domain: String) -> String {
-  idna::punycode::decode_to_string(&domain).unwrap_or_default()
+pub fn op_node_idna_punycode_decode(
+  #[string] domain: String,
+) -> Result<String, Error> {
+  if domain.is_empty() {
+    return Ok(domain);
+  }
+
+  // all code points before the last delimiter must be basic
+  // see https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/73025c4dec042e344eeea7912ed39f7b7c4a3991/lib/punycode.js#L215-L227
+  let last_dash = domain.len()
+    - 1
+    - domain
+      .bytes()
+      .rev()
+      .position(|b| b == b'-')
+      .unwrap_or(domain.len() - 1);
+
+  if !domain[..last_dash].is_ascii() {
+    return Err(not_basic_err());
+  }
+
+  idna::punycode::decode_to_string(&domain)
+    .ok_or_else(|| deno_core::error::range_error("Invalid input"))
 }
 
 #[op2]
diff --git a/ext/node/polyfills/dns.ts b/ext/node/polyfills/dns.ts
index 3b3565cb3..78b934e60 100644
--- a/ext/node/polyfills/dns.ts
+++ b/ext/node/polyfills/dns.ts
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ import {
   GetAddrInfoReqWrap,
   QueryReqWrap,
 } from "ext:deno_node/internal_binding/cares_wrap.ts";
-import { toASCII } from "node:punycode";
+import { domainToASCII } from "ext:deno_node/internal/idna.ts";
 import { notImplemented } from "ext:deno_node/_utils.ts";
 
 function onlookup(
@@ -264,7 +264,13 @@ export function lookup(
   req.hostname = hostname;
   req.oncomplete = all ? onlookupall : onlookup;
 
-  const err = getaddrinfo(req, toASCII(hostname), family, hints, verbatim);
+  const err = getaddrinfo(
+    req,
+    domainToASCII(hostname),
+    family,
+    hints,
+    verbatim,
+  );
 
   if (err) {
     nextTick(
@@ -332,7 +338,7 @@ function resolver(bindingName: keyof ChannelWrapQuery) {
 
     req.ttl = !!(options && (options as ResolveOptions).ttl);
 
-    const err = this._handle[bindingName](req, toASCII(name));
+    const err = this._handle[bindingName](req, domainToASCII(name));
 
     if (err) {
       throw dnsException(err, bindingName, name);
diff --git a/ext/node/polyfills/internal/idna.ts b/ext/node/polyfills/internal/idna.ts
index 6484fe951..93ed065cc 100644
--- a/ext/node/polyfills/internal/idna.ts
+++ b/ext/node/polyfills/internal/idna.ts
@@ -51,6 +51,11 @@
 
 "use strict";
 
+import {
+  op_node_idna_domain_to_ascii,
+  op_node_idna_domain_to_unicode,
+} from "ext:core/ops";
+
 /**
  * Creates an array containing the numeric code points of each Unicode
  * character in the string. While JavaScript uses UCS-2 internally,
@@ -105,3 +110,17 @@ export const ucs2 = {
   decode: ucs2decode,
   encode: ucs2encode,
 };
+
+/**
+ *  Converts a domain to ASCII as per the IDNA spec
+ */
+export function domainToASCII(domain: string) {
+  return op_node_idna_domain_to_ascii(domain);
+}
+
+/**
+ *  Converts a domain to Unicode as per the IDNA spec
+ */
+export function domainToUnicode(domain: string) {
+  return op_node_idna_domain_to_unicode(domain);
+}
diff --git a/ext/node/polyfills/punycode.ts b/ext/node/polyfills/punycode.ts
index 6f137d31f..e89be15a2 100644
--- a/ext/node/polyfills/punycode.ts
+++ b/ext/node/polyfills/punycode.ts
@@ -1,28 +1,40 @@
 // Copyright 2018-2024 the Deno authors. All rights reserved. MIT license.
 
 import {
-  op_node_idna_domain_to_ascii,
-  op_node_idna_domain_to_unicode,
   op_node_idna_punycode_decode,
   op_node_idna_punycode_encode,
+  op_node_idna_punycode_to_ascii,
+  op_node_idna_punycode_to_unicode,
 } from "ext:core/ops";
 
+import { deprecate } from "node:util";
+
 import { ucs2 } from "ext:deno_node/internal/idna.ts";
 
+// deno-lint-ignore no-explicit-any
+function punyDeprecated(fn: any) {
+  return deprecate(
+    fn,
+    "The `punycode` module is deprecated. Please use a userland " +
+      "alternative instead.",
+    "DEP0040",
+  );
+}
+
 function toASCII(domain) {
-  return op_node_idna_domain_to_ascii(domain);
+  return punyDeprecated(op_node_idna_punycode_to_ascii)(domain);
 }
 
 function toUnicode(domain) {
-  return op_node_idna_domain_to_unicode(domain);
+  return punyDeprecated(op_node_idna_punycode_to_unicode)(domain);
 }
 
 function decode(domain) {
-  return op_node_idna_punycode_decode(domain);
+  return punyDeprecated(op_node_idna_punycode_decode)(domain);
 }
 
 function encode(domain) {
-  return op_node_idna_punycode_encode(domain);
+  return punyDeprecated(op_node_idna_punycode_encode)(domain);
 }
 
 export { decode, encode, toASCII, toUnicode, ucs2 };
diff --git a/ext/node/polyfills/url.ts b/ext/node/polyfills/url.ts
index 14195d146..6633334ba 100644
--- a/ext/node/polyfills/url.ts
+++ b/ext/node/polyfills/url.ts
@@ -70,7 +70,10 @@ import {
   CHAR_ZERO_WIDTH_NOBREAK_SPACE,
 } from "ext:deno_node/path/_constants.ts";
 import * as path from "node:path";
-import { toASCII, toUnicode } from "node:punycode";
+import {
+  domainToASCII as idnaToASCII,
+  domainToUnicode as idnaToUnicode,
+} from "ext:deno_node/internal/idna.ts";
 import { isWindows, osType } from "ext:deno_node/_util/os.ts";
 import { encodeStr, hexTable } from "ext:deno_node/internal/querystring.ts";
 import querystring from "node:querystring";
@@ -813,7 +816,7 @@ export class Url {
 
           // Use lenient mode (`true`) to try to support even non-compliant
           // URLs.
-          this.hostname = toASCII(this.hostname);
+          this.hostname = idnaToASCII(this.hostname);
 
           // Prevent two potential routes of hostname spoofing.
           // 1. If this.hostname is empty, it must have become empty due to toASCII
@@ -1251,7 +1254,7 @@ export function resolveObject(source: string | Url, relative: string) {
  * @see https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3490#section-4
  */
 export function domainToASCII(domain: string) {
-  return toASCII(domain);
+  return idnaToASCII(domain);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1261,7 +1264,7 @@ export function domainToASCII(domain: string) {
  * @see https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3490#section-4
  */
 export function domainToUnicode(domain: string) {
-  return toUnicode(domain);
+  return idnaToUnicode(domain);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1396,7 +1399,7 @@ export function pathToFileURL(filepath: string): URL {
       );
     }
 
-    outURL.hostname = domainToASCII(hostname);
+    outURL.hostname = idnaToASCII(hostname);
     outURL.pathname = encodePathChars(paths.slice(3).join("/"));
   } else {
     let resolved = path.resolve(filepath);