perf(ext/node): improve `Buffer.from(buffer)` (#24352)

Benchmark code from #24341.

```shellsession
$ deno run --allow-hrtime bench.mjs
6479.111583
$ target/release/deno run --allow-hrtime bench.mjs
962.753875
$ node bench.mjs
855.174875
```

1 files changed, 4 insertions, 6 deletions

diff --git a/ext/node/polyfills/internal/buffer.mjs b/ext/node/polyfills/internal/buffer.mjs
index a051965a3..c32494555 100644
--- a/ext/node/polyfills/internal/buffer.mjs
+++ b/ext/node/polyfills/internal/buffer.mjs
@@ -220,12 +220,9 @@ function fromString(string, encoding) {
   return buf;
 }
 
-function fromArrayLike(array) {
-  const length = array.length < 0 ? 0 : checked(array.length) | 0;
-  const buf = createBuffer(length);
-  for (let i = 0; i < length; i += 1) {
-    buf[i] = array[i] & 255;
-  }
+function fromArrayLike(obj) {
+  const buf = new Uint8Array(obj);
+  Object.setPrototypeOf(buf, Buffer.prototype);
   return buf;
 }
 
@@ -234,6 +231,7 @@ function fromObject(obj) {
     if (typeof obj.length !== "number") {
       return createBuffer(0);
     }
+
     return fromArrayLike(obj);
   }