refactor: Use ES modules for internal runtime code (#17648)

This PR refactors all internal js files (except core) to be written as
ES modules.
`__bootstrap`has been mostly replaced with static imports in form in
`internal:[path to file from repo root]`.
To specify if files are ESM, an `esm` method has been added to
`Extension`, similar to the `js` method.
A new ModuleLoader called `InternalModuleLoader` has been added to
enable the loading of internal specifiers, which is used in all
situations except when a snapshot is only loaded, and not a new one is
created from it.

---------

Co-authored-by: Bartek Iwańczuk <biwanczuk@gmail.com>

1 files changed, 112 insertions, 117 deletions

diff --git a/ext/node/01_node.js b/ext/node/01_node.js
index 4ed5b3eda..de27c5180 100644
--- a/ext/node/01_node.js
+++ b/ext/node/01_node.js
@@ -2,127 +2,122 @@
 
 // deno-lint-ignore-file
 
-"use strict";
+const internals = globalThis.__bootstrap.internals;
+const primordials = globalThis.__bootstrap.primordials;
+const {
+  ArrayPrototypePush,
+  ArrayPrototypeFilter,
+  ObjectEntries,
+  ObjectCreate,
+  ObjectDefineProperty,
+  Proxy,
+  ReflectDefineProperty,
+  ReflectGetOwnPropertyDescriptor,
+  ReflectOwnKeys,
+  Set,
+  SetPrototypeHas,
+} = primordials;
 
-((window) => {
-  const {
-    ArrayPrototypePush,
-    ArrayPrototypeFilter,
-    ObjectEntries,
-    ObjectCreate,
-    ObjectDefineProperty,
-    Proxy,
-    ReflectDefineProperty,
-    ReflectGetOwnPropertyDescriptor,
-    ReflectOwnKeys,
-    Set,
-    SetPrototypeHas,
-  } = window.__bootstrap.primordials;
-
-  function assert(cond) {
-    if (!cond) {
-      throw Error("assert");
-    }
+function assert(cond) {
+  if (!cond) {
+    throw Error("assert");
   }
+}
 
-  let initialized = false;
-  const nodeGlobals = {};
-  const nodeGlobalThis = new Proxy(globalThis, {
-    get(_target, prop, _receiver) {
-      if (prop in nodeGlobals) {
-        return nodeGlobals[prop];
-      } else {
-        return globalThis[prop];
-      }
-    },
-    set(_target, prop, value) {
-      if (prop in nodeGlobals) {
-        nodeGlobals[prop] = value;
-      } else {
-        globalThis[prop] = value;
-      }
-      return true;
-    },
-    deleteProperty(_target, prop) {
-      let success = false;
-      if (prop in nodeGlobals) {
-        delete nodeGlobals[prop];
-        success = true;
-      }
-      if (prop in globalThis) {
-        delete globalThis[prop];
-        success = true;
-      }
-      return success;
-    },
-    ownKeys(_target) {
-      const globalThisKeys = ReflectOwnKeys(globalThis);
-      const nodeGlobalsKeys = ReflectOwnKeys(nodeGlobals);
-      const nodeGlobalsKeySet = new Set(nodeGlobalsKeys);
-      return [
-        ...ArrayPrototypeFilter(
-          globalThisKeys,
-          (k) => !SetPrototypeHas(nodeGlobalsKeySet, k),
-        ),
-        ...nodeGlobalsKeys,
-      ];
-    },
-    defineProperty(_target, prop, desc) {
-      if (prop in nodeGlobals) {
-        return ReflectDefineProperty(nodeGlobals, prop, desc);
-      } else {
-        return ReflectDefineProperty(globalThis, prop, desc);
-      }
-    },
-    getOwnPropertyDescriptor(_target, prop) {
-      if (prop in nodeGlobals) {
-        return ReflectGetOwnPropertyDescriptor(nodeGlobals, prop);
-      } else {
-        return ReflectGetOwnPropertyDescriptor(globalThis, prop);
-      }
-    },
-    has(_target, prop) {
-      return prop in nodeGlobals || prop in globalThis;
-    },
-  });
-
-  const nativeModuleExports = ObjectCreate(null);
-  const builtinModules = [];
-
-  function initialize(nodeModules, nodeGlobalThisName) {
-    assert(!initialized);
-    initialized = true;
-    for (const [name, exports] of ObjectEntries(nodeModules)) {
-      nativeModuleExports[name] = exports;
-      ArrayPrototypePush(builtinModules, name);
+let initialized = false;
+const nodeGlobals = {};
+const nodeGlobalThis = new Proxy(globalThis, {
+  get(_target, prop, _receiver) {
+    if (prop in nodeGlobals) {
+      return nodeGlobals[prop];
+    } else {
+      return globalThis[prop];
+    }
+  },
+  set(_target, prop, value) {
+    if (prop in nodeGlobals) {
+      nodeGlobals[prop] = value;
+    } else {
+      globalThis[prop] = value;
+    }
+    return true;
+  },
+  deleteProperty(_target, prop) {
+    let success = false;
+    if (prop in nodeGlobals) {
+      delete nodeGlobals[prop];
+      success = true;
     }
-    nodeGlobals.Buffer = nativeModuleExports["buffer"].Buffer;
-    nodeGlobals.clearImmediate = nativeModuleExports["timers"].clearImmediate;
-    nodeGlobals.clearInterval = nativeModuleExports["timers"].clearInterval;
-    nodeGlobals.clearTimeout = nativeModuleExports["timers"].clearTimeout;
-    nodeGlobals.console = nativeModuleExports["console"];
-    nodeGlobals.global = nodeGlobalThis;
-    nodeGlobals.process = nativeModuleExports["process"];
-    nodeGlobals.setImmediate = nativeModuleExports["timers"].setImmediate;
-    nodeGlobals.setInterval = nativeModuleExports["timers"].setInterval;
-    nodeGlobals.setTimeout = nativeModuleExports["timers"].setTimeout;
+    if (prop in globalThis) {
+      delete globalThis[prop];
+      success = true;
+    }
+    return success;
+  },
+  ownKeys(_target) {
+    const globalThisKeys = ReflectOwnKeys(globalThis);
+    const nodeGlobalsKeys = ReflectOwnKeys(nodeGlobals);
+    const nodeGlobalsKeySet = new Set(nodeGlobalsKeys);
+    return [
+      ...ArrayPrototypeFilter(
+        globalThisKeys,
+        (k) => !SetPrototypeHas(nodeGlobalsKeySet, k),
+      ),
+      ...nodeGlobalsKeys,
+    ];
+  },
+  defineProperty(_target, prop, desc) {
+    if (prop in nodeGlobals) {
+      return ReflectDefineProperty(nodeGlobals, prop, desc);
+    } else {
+      return ReflectDefineProperty(globalThis, prop, desc);
+    }
+  },
+  getOwnPropertyDescriptor(_target, prop) {
+    if (prop in nodeGlobals) {
+      return ReflectGetOwnPropertyDescriptor(nodeGlobals, prop);
+    } else {
+      return ReflectGetOwnPropertyDescriptor(globalThis, prop);
+    }
+  },
+  has(_target, prop) {
+    return prop in nodeGlobals || prop in globalThis;
+  },
+});
 
-    // add a hidden global for the esm code to use in order to reliably
-    // get node's globalThis
-    ObjectDefineProperty(globalThis, nodeGlobalThisName, {
-      enumerable: false,
-      writable: false,
-      value: nodeGlobalThis,
-    });
+const nativeModuleExports = ObjectCreate(null);
+const builtinModules = [];
+
+function initialize(nodeModules, nodeGlobalThisName) {
+  assert(!initialized);
+  initialized = true;
+  for (const [name, exports] of ObjectEntries(nodeModules)) {
+    nativeModuleExports[name] = exports;
+    ArrayPrototypePush(builtinModules, name);
   }
+  nodeGlobals.Buffer = nativeModuleExports["buffer"].Buffer;
+  nodeGlobals.clearImmediate = nativeModuleExports["timers"].clearImmediate;
+  nodeGlobals.clearInterval = nativeModuleExports["timers"].clearInterval;
+  nodeGlobals.clearTimeout = nativeModuleExports["timers"].clearTimeout;
+  nodeGlobals.console = nativeModuleExports["console"];
+  nodeGlobals.global = nodeGlobalThis;
+  nodeGlobals.process = nativeModuleExports["process"];
+  nodeGlobals.setImmediate = nativeModuleExports["timers"].setImmediate;
+  nodeGlobals.setInterval = nativeModuleExports["timers"].setInterval;
+  nodeGlobals.setTimeout = nativeModuleExports["timers"].setTimeout;
+
+  // add a hidden global for the esm code to use in order to reliably
+  // get node's globalThis
+  ObjectDefineProperty(globalThis, nodeGlobalThisName, {
+    enumerable: false,
+    writable: false,
+    value: nodeGlobalThis,
+  });
+}
 
-  window.__bootstrap.internals = {
-    ...window.__bootstrap.internals ?? {},
-    node: {
-      globalThis: nodeGlobalThis,
-      initialize,
-      nativeModuleExports,
-      builtinModules,
-    },
-  };
-})(globalThis);
+internals.node = {
+  globalThis: nodeGlobalThis,
+  initialize,
+  nativeModuleExports,
+  builtinModules,
+};