refactor: Use ES modules for internal runtime code (#17648)

This PR refactors all internal js files (except core) to be written as
ES modules.
`__bootstrap`has been mostly replaced with static imports in form in
`internal:[path to file from repo root]`.
To specify if files are ESM, an `esm` method has been added to
`Extension`, similar to the `js` method.
A new ModuleLoader called `InternalModuleLoader` has been added to
enable the loading of internal specifiers, which is used in all
situations except when a snapshot is only loaded, and not a new one is
created from it.

---------

Co-authored-by: Bartek Iwańczuk <biwanczuk@gmail.com>

6 files changed, 26 insertions, 1 deletions

diff --git a/cli/tests/integration/run_tests.rs b/cli/tests/integration/run_tests.rs
index 923232f9d..9c0319a7f 100644
--- a/cli/tests/integration/run_tests.rs
+++ b/cli/tests/integration/run_tests.rs
@@ -3844,3 +3844,15 @@ itest!(node_prefix_missing {
   envs: env_vars_for_npm_tests_no_sync_download(),
   exit_code: 1,
 });
+
+itest!(internal_import {
+  args: "run run/internal_import.ts",
+  output: "run/internal_import.ts.out",
+  exit_code: 1,
+});
+
+itest!(internal_dynamic_import {
+  args: "run run/internal_dynamic_import.ts",
+  output: "run/internal_dynamic_import.ts.out",
+  exit_code: 1,
+});
diff --git a/cli/tests/testdata/run/event_listener_error_immediate_exit.ts.out b/cli/tests/testdata/run/event_listener_error_immediate_exit.ts.out
index 1fb3ce76a..8f03f71b8 100644
--- a/cli/tests/testdata/run/event_listener_error_immediate_exit.ts.out
+++ b/cli/tests/testdata/run/event_listener_error_immediate_exit.ts.out
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 1
-queueMicrotask
 error: Uncaught Error: bar
   throw new Error("bar");
         ^
diff --git a/cli/tests/testdata/run/internal_dynamic_import.ts b/cli/tests/testdata/run/internal_dynamic_import.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3fb2791e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cli/tests/testdata/run/internal_dynamic_import.ts
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+await import("internal:runtime/js/01_build.js");
diff --git a/cli/tests/testdata/run/internal_dynamic_import.ts.out b/cli/tests/testdata/run/internal_dynamic_import.ts.out
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fa98b8733
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cli/tests/testdata/run/internal_dynamic_import.ts.out
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+error: Uncaught TypeError: Cannot load internal module from external code
+await import("internal:runtime/js/01_build.js");
+^
+    at [WILDCARD]/internal_dynamic_import.ts:1:1
diff --git a/cli/tests/testdata/run/internal_import.ts b/cli/tests/testdata/run/internal_import.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..666b68769
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cli/tests/testdata/run/internal_import.ts
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import "internal:runtime/js/01_build.js";
diff --git a/cli/tests/testdata/run/internal_import.ts.out b/cli/tests/testdata/run/internal_import.ts.out
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..142308a38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cli/tests/testdata/run/internal_import.ts.out
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+error: Unsupported scheme "internal" for module "internal:runtime/js/01_build.js". Supported schemes: [
+    "data",
+    "blob",
+    "file",
+    "http",
+    "https",
+]
+    at [WILDCARD]