fix(unstable): vendor cache should support adding files to hashed directories (#20070)

This changes the design of the manifest.json file to have a separate
"folders" map for mapping hashed directories. This allows, for example,
to add files in a folder like `http_localhost_8000/#testing_5de71/` and
have them be resolved automatically as long as their remaining
components are identity-mappable to the file system (not hashed). It
also saves space in the manifest.json file by only including the hashed
directory instead of each descendant file.

```
// manifest.json
{
  "folders": {
    "https://localhost/NOT_MAPPABLE/": "localhost/#not_mappable_5cefgh"
  },
  "modules": {
    "https://localhost/folder/file": {
      "headers": {
        "content-type": "application/javascript"
      }
    },
  }
}

// folder structure
localhost
  - folder
    - #file_2defn (note: I've made up the hashes in these examples)
  - #not_mappable_5cefgh
    - mod.ts
    - etc.ts
    - more_files.ts
```

2 files changed, 29 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/cli/tests/integration/run_tests.rs b/cli/tests/integration/run_tests.rs
index e83932011..25046253e 100644
--- a/cli/tests/integration/run_tests.rs
+++ b/cli/tests/integration/run_tests.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright 2018-2023 the Deno authors. All rights reserved. MIT license.
 
+use deno_core::serde_json::json;
 use deno_core::url;
 use deno_runtime::deno_fetch::reqwest;
 use std::io::Read;
@@ -4553,4 +4554,29 @@ console.log(returnsHi());"#,
   // now it should run
   deno_run_cmd.run().assert_matches_text("bye bye bye\n");
   assert!(lockfile.exists());
+
+  // ensure we can add and execute files in directories that have a hash in them
+  test_context
+    .new_command()
+    // http_localhost_4545/subdir/#capitals_c75d7/main.js
+    .args("cache http://localhost:4545/subdir/CAPITALS/main.js")
+    .run()
+    .skip_output_check();
+  assert_eq!(
+    deno_modules_dir.join("manifest.json").read_json_value(),
+    json!({
+      "folders": {
+        "http://localhost:4545/subdir/CAPITALS/": "http_localhost_4545/subdir/#capitals_c75d7"
+      }
+    })
+  );
+  deno_modules_dir
+    .join("http_localhost_4545/subdir/#capitals_c75d7/hello_there.ts")
+    .write("console.log('hello there');");
+  test_context
+    .new_command()
+    // todo(dsherret): seems wrong that we don't auto-discover the config file to get the vendor directory for this
+    .args("run --deno-modules-dir http://localhost:4545/subdir/CAPITALS/hello_there.ts")
+    .run()
+    .assert_matches_text("hello there\n");
 }
diff --git a/cli/tests/testdata/subdir/CAPITALS/main.js b/cli/tests/testdata/subdir/CAPITALS/main.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..768d1391f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cli/tests/testdata/subdir/CAPITALS/main.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+export function returnsUppperHi() {
+  return "HI";
+}