feat(ext/node): eagerly bootstrap node (#20153)

To fix bugs around detection of when node emulation is required, we will
just eagerly initialize it. The improvements we make to reduce the
impact of the startup time:

 - [x] Process stdin/stdout/stderr are lazily created
 - [x] node.js global proxy no longer allocates on each access check
- [x] Process checks for `beforeExit` listeners before doing expensive
shutdown work
- [x] Process should avoid adding global event handlers until listeners
are added

Benchmarking this PR (`89de7e1ff`) vs main (`41cad2179`)

```
12:36 $ third_party/prebuilt/mac/hyperfine --warmup 100 -S none './deno-41cad2179 run ./empty.js' './deno-89de7e1ff run ./empty.js'
Benchmark 1: ./deno-41cad2179 run ./empty.js
  Time (mean ± σ):      24.3 ms ±   1.6 ms    [User: 16.2 ms, System: 6.0 ms]
  Range (min … max):    21.1 ms …  29.1 ms    115 runs
 
Benchmark 2: ./deno-89de7e1ff run ./empty.js
  Time (mean ± σ):      24.0 ms ±   1.4 ms    [User: 16.3 ms, System: 5.6 ms]
  Range (min … max):    21.3 ms …  28.6 ms    126 runs
```

Fixes https://github.com/denoland/deno/issues/20142
Fixes https://github.com/denoland/deno/issues/15826
Fixes https://github.com/denoland/deno/issues/20028

15 files changed, 323 insertions, 399 deletions

diff --git a/cli/factory.rs b/cli/factory.rs
index 9c553620d..6a99bb2da 100644
--- a/cli/factory.rs
+++ b/cli/factory.rs
@@ -44,7 +44,6 @@ use crate::util::progress_bar::ProgressBar;
 use crate::util::progress_bar::ProgressBarStyle;
 use crate::worker::CliMainWorkerFactory;
 use crate::worker::CliMainWorkerOptions;
-use crate::worker::HasNodeSpecifierChecker;
 
 use deno_core::error::AnyError;
 use deno_core::parking_lot::Mutex;
@@ -623,7 +622,6 @@ impl CliFactory {
       StorageKeyResolver::from_options(&self.options),
       self.npm_resolver().await?.clone(),
       node_resolver.clone(),
-      Box::new(CliHasNodeSpecifierChecker(self.graph_container().clone())),
       self.blob_store().clone(),
       Box::new(CliModuleLoaderFactory::new(
         &self.options,
@@ -683,11 +681,3 @@ impl CliFactory {
     })
   }
 }
-
-struct CliHasNodeSpecifierChecker(Arc<ModuleGraphContainer>);
-
-impl HasNodeSpecifierChecker for CliHasNodeSpecifierChecker {
-  fn has_node_specifier(&self) -> bool {
-    self.0.graph().has_node_specifier
-  }
-}
diff --git a/cli/npm/resolvers/mod.rs b/cli/npm/resolvers/mod.rs
index 9ae84d7f9..1b3f57c9a 100644
--- a/cli/npm/resolvers/mod.rs
+++ b/cli/npm/resolvers/mod.rs
@@ -179,11 +179,6 @@ impl CliNpmResolver {
     specifier.as_ref().starts_with(root_dir_url.as_str())
   }
 
-  /// If the resolver has resolved any npm packages.
-  pub fn has_packages(&self) -> bool {
-    self.resolution.has_packages()
-  }
-
   /// Adds package requirements to the resolver and ensures everything is setup.
   pub async fn add_package_reqs(
     &self,
diff --git a/cli/standalone/mod.rs b/cli/standalone/mod.rs
index 92aba6d29..f6c489487 100644
--- a/cli/standalone/mod.rs
+++ b/cli/standalone/mod.rs
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ use crate::util::progress_bar::ProgressBarStyle;
 use crate::util::v8::construct_v8_flags;
 use crate::worker::CliMainWorkerFactory;
 use crate::worker::CliMainWorkerOptions;
-use crate::worker::HasNodeSpecifierChecker;
 use crate::worker::ModuleLoaderFactory;
 use deno_ast::MediaType;
 use deno_core::anyhow::Context;
@@ -266,14 +265,6 @@ impl ModuleLoaderFactory for StandaloneModuleLoaderFactory {
   }
 }
 
-struct StandaloneHasNodeSpecifierChecker;
-
-impl HasNodeSpecifierChecker for StandaloneHasNodeSpecifierChecker {
-  fn has_node_specifier(&self) -> bool {
-    false
-  }
-}
-
 struct StandaloneRootCertStoreProvider {
   ca_stores: Option<Vec<String>>,
   ca_data: Option<CaData>,
@@ -438,7 +429,6 @@ pub async fn run(
     StorageKeyResolver::empty(),
     npm_resolver.clone(),
     node_resolver,
-    Box::new(StandaloneHasNodeSpecifierChecker),
     Default::default(),
     Box::new(module_loader_factory),
     root_cert_store_provider,
diff --git a/cli/tools/repl/session.rs b/cli/tools/repl/session.rs
index 4a30c93c4..9261299df 100644
--- a/cli/tools/repl/session.rs
+++ b/cli/tools/repl/session.rs
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ use deno_core::serde_json;
 use deno_core::serde_json::Value;
 use deno_core::LocalInspectorSession;
 use deno_graph::source::Resolver;
-use deno_runtime::deno_node;
 use deno_runtime::worker::MainWorker;
 use deno_semver::npm::NpmPackageReqReference;
 use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
@@ -123,7 +122,6 @@ struct TsEvaluateResponse {
 }
 
 pub struct ReplSession {
-  has_node_modules_dir: bool,
   npm_resolver: Arc<CliNpmResolver>,
   resolver: Arc<CliGraphResolver>,
   pub worker: MainWorker,
@@ -131,7 +129,6 @@ pub struct ReplSession {
   pub context_id: u64,
   pub language_server: ReplLanguageServer,
   pub notifications: Rc<RefCell<UnboundedReceiver<Value>>>,
-  has_initialized_node_runtime: bool,
   referrer: ModuleSpecifier,
 }
 
@@ -183,14 +180,12 @@ impl ReplSession {
         .unwrap();
 
     let mut repl_session = ReplSession {
-      has_node_modules_dir: cli_options.has_node_modules_dir(),
       npm_resolver,
       resolver,
       worker,
       session,
       context_id,
       language_server,
-      has_initialized_node_runtime: false,
       referrer,
       notifications: Rc::new(RefCell::new(notification_rx)),
     };
@@ -515,15 +510,6 @@ impl ReplSession {
     let has_node_specifier =
       resolved_imports.iter().any(|url| url.scheme() == "node");
     if !npm_imports.is_empty() || has_node_specifier {
-      if !self.has_initialized_node_runtime {
-        deno_node::initialize_runtime(
-          &mut self.worker.js_runtime,
-          self.has_node_modules_dir,
-          None,
-        )?;
-        self.has_initialized_node_runtime = true;
-      }
-
       self.npm_resolver.add_package_reqs(&npm_imports).await?;
 
       // prevent messages in the repl about @types/node not being cached
diff --git a/cli/worker.rs b/cli/worker.rs
index a712dc9c6..b451cdbed 100644
--- a/cli/worker.rs
+++ b/cli/worker.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ use deno_ast::ModuleSpecifier;
 use deno_core::anyhow::bail;
 use deno_core::anyhow::Context;
 use deno_core::error::AnyError;
-use deno_core::futures::task::LocalFutureObj;
 use deno_core::futures::FutureExt;
 use deno_core::located_script_name;
 use deno_core::parking_lot::Mutex;
@@ -32,7 +31,6 @@ use deno_runtime::deno_web::BlobStore;
 use deno_runtime::fmt_errors::format_js_error;
 use deno_runtime::inspector_server::InspectorServer;
 use deno_runtime::ops::worker_host::CreateWebWorkerCb;
-use deno_runtime::ops::worker_host::WorkerEventCb;
 use deno_runtime::permissions::PermissionsContainer;
 use deno_runtime::web_worker::WebWorker;
 use deno_runtime::web_worker::WebWorkerOptions;
@@ -97,7 +95,6 @@ struct SharedWorkerState {
   storage_key_resolver: StorageKeyResolver,
   npm_resolver: Arc<CliNpmResolver>,
   node_resolver: Arc<NodeResolver>,
-  has_node_specifier_checker: Box<dyn HasNodeSpecifierChecker>,
   blob_store: Arc<BlobStore>,
   broadcast_channel: InMemoryBroadcastChannel,
   shared_array_buffer_store: SharedArrayBufferStore,
@@ -110,11 +107,7 @@ struct SharedWorkerState {
 }
 
 impl SharedWorkerState {
-  pub fn should_initialize_node_runtime(&self) -> bool {
-    self.npm_resolver.has_packages()
-      || self.has_node_specifier_checker.has_node_specifier()
-      || self.options.is_npm_main
-  }
+  // Currently empty
 }
 
 pub struct CliMainWorker {
@@ -140,7 +133,6 @@ impl CliMainWorker {
     log::debug!("main_module {}", self.main_module);
 
     if self.is_main_cjs {
-      self.initialize_main_module_for_node()?;
       deno_node::load_cjs_module(
         &mut self.worker.js_runtime,
         &self.main_module.to_file_path().unwrap().to_string_lossy(),
@@ -266,22 +258,9 @@ impl CliMainWorker {
     &mut self,
     id: ModuleId,
   ) -> Result<(), AnyError> {
-    if self.shared.should_initialize_node_runtime() {
-      self.initialize_main_module_for_node()?;
-    }
     self.worker.evaluate_module(id).await
   }
 
-  fn initialize_main_module_for_node(&mut self) -> Result<(), AnyError> {
-    deno_node::initialize_runtime(
-      &mut self.worker.js_runtime,
-      self.shared.options.has_node_modules_dir,
-      self.shared.options.maybe_binary_npm_command_name.as_deref(),
-    )?;
-
-    Ok(())
-  }
-
   pub async fn maybe_setup_coverage_collector(
     &mut self,
   ) -> Result<Option<CoverageCollector>, AnyError> {
@@ -312,7 +291,6 @@ impl CliMainWorkerFactory {
     storage_key_resolver: StorageKeyResolver,
     npm_resolver: Arc<CliNpmResolver>,
     node_resolver: Arc<NodeResolver>,
-    has_node_specifier_checker: Box<dyn HasNodeSpecifierChecker>,
     blob_store: Arc<BlobStore>,
     module_loader_factory: Box<dyn ModuleLoaderFactory>,
     root_cert_store_provider: Arc<dyn RootCertStoreProvider>,
@@ -327,7 +305,6 @@ impl CliMainWorkerFactory {
         storage_key_resolver,
         npm_resolver,
         node_resolver,
-        has_node_specifier_checker,
         blob_store,
         broadcast_channel: Default::default(),
         shared_array_buffer_store: Default::default(),
@@ -404,10 +381,6 @@ impl CliMainWorkerFactory {
 
     let create_web_worker_cb =
       create_web_worker_callback(shared.clone(), stdio.clone());
-    let web_worker_preload_module_cb =
-      create_web_worker_preload_module_callback(shared);
-    let web_worker_pre_execute_module_cb =
-      create_web_worker_pre_execute_module_callback(shared.clone());
 
     let maybe_storage_key = shared
       .storage_key_resolver
@@ -448,6 +421,11 @@ impl CliMainWorkerFactory {
         unstable: shared.options.unstable,
         user_agent: version::get_user_agent().to_string(),
         inspect: shared.options.is_inspecting,
+        has_node_modules_dir: shared.options.has_node_modules_dir,
+        maybe_binary_npm_command_name: shared
+          .options
+          .maybe_binary_npm_command_name
+          .clone(),
       },
       extensions,
       startup_snapshot: crate::js::deno_isolate_init(),
@@ -461,8 +439,6 @@ impl CliMainWorkerFactory {
       source_map_getter: maybe_source_map_getter,
       format_js_error_fn: Some(Arc::new(format_js_error)),
       create_web_worker_cb,
-      web_worker_preload_module_cb,
-      web_worker_pre_execute_module_cb,
       maybe_inspector_server,
       should_break_on_first_statement: shared.options.inspect_brk,
       should_wait_for_inspector_session: shared.options.inspect_wait,
@@ -555,38 +531,6 @@ impl CliMainWorkerFactory {
   }
 }
 
-// TODO(bartlomieju): this callback could have default value
-// and not be required
-fn create_web_worker_preload_module_callback(
-  _shared: &Arc<SharedWorkerState>,
-) -> Arc<WorkerEventCb> {
-  Arc::new(move |worker| {
-    let fut = async move { Ok(worker) };
-    LocalFutureObj::new(Box::new(fut))
-  })
-}
-
-fn create_web_worker_pre_execute_module_callback(
-  shared: Arc<SharedWorkerState>,
-) -> Arc<WorkerEventCb> {
-  Arc::new(move |mut worker| {
-    let shared = shared.clone();
-    let fut = async move {
-      // this will be up to date after pre-load
-      if shared.should_initialize_node_runtime() {
-        deno_node::initialize_runtime(
-          &mut worker.js_runtime,
-          shared.options.has_node_modules_dir,
-          None,
-        )?;
-      }
-
-      Ok(worker)
-    };
-    LocalFutureObj::new(Box::new(fut))
-  })
-}
-
 fn create_web_worker_callback(
   shared: Arc<SharedWorkerState>,
   stdio: deno_runtime::deno_io::Stdio,
@@ -602,9 +546,6 @@ fn create_web_worker_callback(
       shared.module_loader_factory.create_source_map_getter();
     let create_web_worker_cb =
       create_web_worker_callback(shared.clone(), stdio.clone());
-    let preload_module_cb = create_web_worker_preload_module_callback(&shared);
-    let pre_execute_module_cb =
-      create_web_worker_pre_execute_module_callback(shared.clone());
 
     let extensions = ops::cli_exts(shared.npm_resolver.clone());
 
@@ -636,6 +577,11 @@ fn create_web_worker_callback(
         unstable: shared.options.unstable,
         user_agent: version::get_user_agent().to_string(),
         inspect: shared.options.is_inspecting,
+        has_node_modules_dir: shared.options.has_node_modules_dir,
+        maybe_binary_npm_command_name: shared
+          .options
+          .maybe_binary_npm_command_name
+          .clone(),
       },
       extensions,
       startup_snapshot: crate::js::deno_isolate_init(),
@@ -646,8 +592,6 @@ fn create_web_worker_callback(
       root_cert_store_provider: Some(shared.root_cert_store_provider.clone()),
       seed: shared.options.seed,
       create_web_worker_cb,
-      preload_module_cb,
-      pre_execute_module_cb,
       format_js_error_fn: Some(Arc::new(format_js_error)),
       source_map_getter: maybe_source_map_getter,
       module_loader,
diff --git a/ext/node/global.rs b/ext/node/global.rs
index 78e009971..52c1b6bb9 100644
--- a/ext/node/global.rs
+++ b/ext/node/global.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright 2018-2023 the Deno authors. All rights reserved. MIT license.
 
+use std::mem::MaybeUninit;
 use std::rc::Rc;
 
 use deno_core::v8;
@@ -266,13 +267,14 @@ fn current_mode(scope: &mut v8::HandleScope) -> Mode {
   let Some(v8_string) = v8::StackTrace::current_script_name_or_source_url(scope) else {
     return Mode::Deno;
   };
-  let string = v8_string.to_rust_string_lossy(scope);
   let op_state = deno_core::JsRuntime::op_state_from(scope);
   let op_state = op_state.borrow();
   let Some(node_resolver) = op_state.try_borrow::<Rc<NodeResolver>>() else {
     return Mode::Deno;
   };
-  if node_resolver.in_npm_package_with_cache(string) {
+  let mut buffer = [MaybeUninit::uninit(); 2048];
+  let str = v8_string.to_rust_cow_lossy(scope, &mut buffer);
+  if node_resolver.in_npm_package_with_cache(str) {
     Mode::Node
   } else {
     Mode::Deno
diff --git a/ext/node/lib.rs b/ext/node/lib.rs
index e2643a84f..c7d617666 100644
--- a/ext/node/lib.rs
+++ b/ext/node/lib.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ use std::rc::Rc;
 use deno_core::error::AnyError;
 use deno_core::located_script_name;
 use deno_core::op;
-use deno_core::serde_json;
 use deno_core::serde_v8;
 use deno_core::url::Url;
 #[allow(unused_imports)]
@@ -558,29 +557,6 @@ deno_core::extension!(deno_node,
   },
 );
 
-pub fn initialize_runtime(
-  js_runtime: &mut JsRuntime,
-  uses_local_node_modules_dir: bool,
-  maybe_binary_command_name: Option<&str>,
-) -> Result<(), AnyError> {
-  let argv0 = if let Some(binary_command_name) = maybe_binary_command_name {
-    serde_json::to_string(binary_command_name)?
-  } else {
-    "undefined".to_string()
-  };
-  let source_code = format!(
-    r#"(function loadBuiltinNodeModules(usesLocalNodeModulesDir, argv0) {{
-      Deno[Deno.internal].node.initialize(
-        usesLocalNodeModulesDir,
-        argv0
-      );
-    }})({uses_local_node_modules_dir}, {argv0});"#,
-  );
-
-  js_runtime.execute_script(located_script_name!(), source_code.into())?;
-  Ok(())
-}
-
 pub fn load_cjs_module(
   js_runtime: &mut JsRuntime,
   module: &str,
diff --git a/ext/node/polyfills/02_init.js b/ext/node/polyfills/02_init.js
index d73d5d822..e3061c95d 100644
--- a/ext/node/polyfills/02_init.js
+++ b/ext/node/polyfills/02_init.js
@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@ const requireImpl = internals.requireImpl;
 import { nodeGlobals } from "ext:deno_node/00_globals.js";
 import "node:module";
 
+globalThis.nodeBootstrap = function (usesLocalNodeModulesDir, argv0) {
+  initialize(usesLocalNodeModulesDir, argv0);
+};
+
 let initialized = false;
 
 function initialize(
diff --git a/ext/node/polyfills/process.ts b/ext/node/polyfills/process.ts
index 4c375760d..c7c22b562 100644
--- a/ext/node/polyfills/process.ts
+++ b/ext/node/polyfills/process.ts
@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ export { _nextTick as nextTick, chdir, cwd, env, version, versions };
 import {
   createWritableStdioStream,
   initStdin,
+  Readable,
+  Writable,
 } from "ext:deno_node/_process/streams.mjs";
 import {
   enableNextTick,
@@ -52,15 +54,42 @@ export let platform = "";
 // TODO(kt3k): This should be set at start up time
 export let pid = 0;
 
-// TODO(kt3k): Give better types to stdio objects
-// deno-lint-ignore no-explicit-any
-let stderr = null as any;
-// deno-lint-ignore no-explicit-any
-let stdin = null as any;
-// deno-lint-ignore no-explicit-any
-let stdout = null as any;
+// We want streams to be as lazy as possible, but we cannot export a getter in a module. To
+// work around this we make these proxies that eagerly instantiate the underlying object on
+// first access of any property/method.
+function makeLazyStream<T>(objectFactory: () => T): T {
+  return new Proxy({}, {
+    get: function (_, prop, receiver) {
+      // deno-lint-ignore no-explicit-any
+      return Reflect.get(objectFactory() as any, prop, receiver);
+    },
+    has: function (_, prop) {
+      // deno-lint-ignore no-explicit-any
+      return Reflect.has(objectFactory() as any, prop);
+    },
+    ownKeys: function (_) {
+      // deno-lint-ignore no-explicit-any
+      return Reflect.ownKeys(objectFactory() as any);
+    },
+    set: function (_, prop, value, receiver) {
+      // deno-lint-ignore no-explicit-any
+      return Reflect.set(objectFactory() as any, prop, value, receiver);
+    },
+    getPrototypeOf: function (_) {
+      // deno-lint-ignore no-explicit-any
+      return Reflect.getPrototypeOf(objectFactory() as any);
+    },
+    getOwnPropertyDescriptor(_, prop) {
+      // deno-lint-ignore no-explicit-any
+      return Reflect.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(objectFactory() as any, prop);
+    },
+  }) as T;
+}
+
+export let stderr = makeLazyStream(getStderr);
+export let stdin = makeLazyStream(getStdin);
+export let stdout = makeLazyStream(getStdout);
 
-export { stderr, stdin, stdout };
 import { getBinding } from "ext:deno_node/internal_binding/mod.ts";
 import * as constants from "ext:deno_node/internal_binding/constants.ts";
 import * as uv from "ext:deno_node/internal_binding/uv.ts";
@@ -605,13 +634,19 @@ class Process extends EventEmitter {
   memoryUsage = memoryUsage;
 
   /** https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_process_stderr */
-  stderr = stderr;
+  get stderr(): Writable {
+    return getStderr();
+  }
 
   /** https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_process_stdin */
-  stdin = stdin;
+  get stdin(): Readable {
+    return getStdin();
+  }
 
   /** https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_process_stdout */
-  stdout = stdout;
+  get stdout(): Writable {
+    return getStdout();
+  }
 
   /** https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_process_version */
   version = version;
@@ -704,6 +739,115 @@ addReadOnlyProcessAlias("throwDeprecation", "--throw-deprecation");
 export const removeListener = process.removeListener;
 export const removeAllListeners = process.removeAllListeners;
 
+let unhandledRejectionListenerCount = 0;
+let uncaughtExceptionListenerCount = 0;
+let beforeExitListenerCount = 0;
+let exitListenerCount = 0;
+
+process.on("newListener", (event: string) => {
+  switch (event) {
+    case "unhandledRejection":
+      unhandledRejectionListenerCount++;
+      break;
+    case "uncaughtException":
+      uncaughtExceptionListenerCount++;
+      break;
+    case "beforeExit":
+      beforeExitListenerCount++;
+      break;
+    case "exit":
+      exitListenerCount++;
+      break;
+    default:
+      return;
+  }
+  synchronizeListeners();
+});
+
+process.on("removeListener", (event: string) => {
+  switch (event) {
+    case "unhandledRejection":
+      unhandledRejectionListenerCount--;
+      break;
+    case "uncaughtException":
+      uncaughtExceptionListenerCount--;
+      break;
+    case "beforeExit":
+      beforeExitListenerCount--;
+      break;
+    case "exit":
+      exitListenerCount--;
+      break;
+    default:
+      return;
+  }
+  synchronizeListeners();
+});
+
+function processOnError(event: ErrorEvent) {
+  if (process.listenerCount("uncaughtException") > 0) {
+    event.preventDefault();
+  }
+
+  uncaughtExceptionHandler(event.error, "uncaughtException");
+}
+
+function processOnBeforeUnload(event: Event) {
+  process.emit("beforeExit", process.exitCode || 0);
+  processTicksAndRejections();
+  if (core.eventLoopHasMoreWork()) {
+    event.preventDefault();
+  }
+}
+
+function processOnUnload() {
+  if (!process._exiting) {
+    process._exiting = true;
+    process.emit("exit", process.exitCode || 0);
+  }
+}
+
+function synchronizeListeners() {
+  // Install special "unhandledrejection" handler, that will be called
+  // last.
+  if (
+    unhandledRejectionListenerCount > 0 || uncaughtExceptionListenerCount > 0
+  ) {
+    internals.nodeProcessUnhandledRejectionCallback = (event) => {
+      if (process.listenerCount("unhandledRejection") === 0) {
+        // The Node.js default behavior is to raise an uncaught exception if
+        // an unhandled rejection occurs and there are no unhandledRejection
+        // listeners.
+
+        event.preventDefault();
+        uncaughtExceptionHandler(event.reason, "unhandledRejection");
+        return;
+      }
+
+      event.preventDefault();
+      process.emit("unhandledRejection", event.reason, event.promise);
+    };
+  } else {
+    internals.nodeProcessUnhandledRejectionCallback = undefined;
+  }
+
+  if (uncaughtExceptionListenerCount > 0) {
+    globalThis.addEventListener("error", processOnError);
+  } else {
+    globalThis.removeEventListener("error", processOnError);
+  }
+  if (beforeExitListenerCount > 0) {
+    globalThis.addEventListener("beforeunload", processOnBeforeUnload);
+  } else {
+    globalThis.removeEventListener("beforeunload", processOnBeforeUnload);
+  }
+  if (exitListenerCount > 0) {
+    globalThis.addEventListener("unload", processOnUnload);
+  } else {
+    globalThis.removeEventListener("unload", processOnUnload);
+  }
+}
+
 // Should be called only once, in `runtime/js/99_main.js` when the runtime is
 // bootstrapped.
 internals.__bootstrapNodeProcess = function (
@@ -748,68 +892,52 @@ internals.__bootstrapNodeProcess = function (
   core.setMacrotaskCallback(runNextTicks);
   enableNextTick();
 
-  // Install special "unhandledrejection" handler, that will be called
-  // last.
-  internals.nodeProcessUnhandledRejectionCallback = (event) => {
-    if (process.listenerCount("unhandledRejection") === 0) {
-      // The Node.js default behavior is to raise an uncaught exception if
-      // an unhandled rejection occurs and there are no unhandledRejection
-      // listeners.
-      if (process.listenerCount("uncaughtException") === 0) {
-        throw event.reason;
-      }
-
-      event.preventDefault();
-      uncaughtExceptionHandler(event.reason, "unhandledRejection");
-      return;
-    }
-
-    event.preventDefault();
-    process.emit("unhandledRejection", event.reason, event.promise);
-  };
-
-  globalThis.addEventListener("error", (event) => {
-    if (process.listenerCount("uncaughtException") > 0) {
-      event.preventDefault();
-    }
-
-    uncaughtExceptionHandler(event.error, "uncaughtException");
-  });
-
-  globalThis.addEventListener("beforeunload", (e) => {
-    process.emit("beforeExit", process.exitCode || 0);
-    processTicksAndRejections();
-    if (core.eventLoopHasMoreWork()) {
-      e.preventDefault();
-    }
-  });
-
-  globalThis.addEventListener("unload", () => {
-    if (!process._exiting) {
-      process._exiting = true;
-      process.emit("exit", process.exitCode || 0);
-    }
-  });
-
-  // Initializes stdin
-  stdin = process.stdin = initStdin();
-
-  /** https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_process_stderr */
-  stderr = process.stderr = createWritableStdioStream(
-    io.stderr,
-    "stderr",
-  );
-
-  /** https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_process_stdout */
-  stdout = process.stdout = createWritableStdioStream(
-    io.stdout,
-    "stdout",
-  );
-
   process.setStartTime(Date.now());
   // @ts-ignore Remove setStartTime and #startTime is not modifiable
   delete process.setStartTime;
   delete internals.__bootstrapNodeProcess;
 };
 
+// deno-lint-ignore no-explicit-any
+let stderr_ = null as any;
+// deno-lint-ignore no-explicit-any
+let stdin_ = null as any;
+// deno-lint-ignore no-explicit-any
+let stdout_ = null as any;
+
+function getStdin(): Readable {
+  if (!stdin_) {
+    stdin_ = initStdin();
+    stdin = stdin_;
+    Object.defineProperty(process, "stdin", { get: () => stdin_ });
+  }
+  return stdin_;
+}
+
+/** https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_process_stdout */
+function getStdout(): Writable {
+  if (!stdout_) {
+    stdout_ = createWritableStdioStream(
+      io.stdout,
+      "stdout",
+    );
+    stdout = stdout_;
+    Object.defineProperty(process, "stdout", { get: () => stdout_ });
+  }
+  return stdout_;
+}
+
+/** https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_process_stderr */
+function getStderr(): Writable {
+  if (!stderr_) {
+    stderr_ = createWritableStdioStream(
+      io.stderr,
+      "stderr",
+    );
+    stderr = stderr_;
+    Object.defineProperty(process, "stderr", { get: () => stderr_ });
+  }
+  return stderr_;
+}
+
 export default process;
diff --git a/ext/node/resolution.rs b/ext/node/resolution.rs
index 4c43fcbad..20501b0f1 100644
--- a/ext/node/resolution.rs
+++ b/ext/node/resolution.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright 2018-2023 the Deno authors. All rights reserved. MIT license.
 
+use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::path::Path;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
@@ -128,10 +129,10 @@ impl NodeResolver {
     self.npm_resolver.in_npm_package(specifier)
   }
 
-  pub fn in_npm_package_with_cache(&self, specifier: String) -> bool {
+  pub fn in_npm_package_with_cache(&self, specifier: Cow<str>) -> bool {
     let mut cache = self.in_npm_package_cache.lock();
 
-    if let Some(result) = cache.get(&specifier) {
+    if let Some(result) = cache.get(specifier.as_ref()) {
       return *result;
     }
 
@@ -141,7 +142,7 @@ impl NodeResolver {
       } else {
         false
       };
-    cache.insert(specifier, result);
+    cache.insert(specifier.into_owned(), result);
     result
   }
 
diff --git a/runtime/js/99_main.js b/runtime/js/99_main.js
index c8fdabc25..fdd82862c 100644
--- a/runtime/js/99_main.js
+++ b/runtime/js/99_main.js
@@ -438,6 +438,7 @@ function bootstrapMainRuntime(runtimeOptions) {
   if (hasBootstrapped) {
     throw new Error("Worker runtime already bootstrapped");
   }
+  const nodeBootstrap = globalThis.nodeBootstrap;
 
   const {
     0: args,
@@ -456,6 +457,8 @@ function bootstrapMainRuntime(runtimeOptions) {
     13: userAgent,
     14: inspectFlag,
     // 15: enableTestingFeaturesFlag
+    16: hasNodeModulesDir,
+    17: maybeBinaryNpmCommandName,
   } = runtimeOptions;
 
   performance.setTimeOrigin(DateNow());
@@ -464,12 +467,13 @@ function bootstrapMainRuntime(runtimeOptions) {
   // Remove bootstrapping data from the global scope
   delete globalThis.__bootstrap;
   delete globalThis.bootstrap;
+  delete globalThis.nodeBootstrap;
   hasBootstrapped = true;
 
   // If the `--location` flag isn't set, make `globalThis.location` `undefined` and
   // writable, so that they can mock it themselves if they like. If the flag was
   // set, define `globalThis.location`, using the provided value.
-  if (location_ === undefined) {
+  if (location_ == null) {
     mainRuntimeGlobalProperties.location = {
       writable: true,
     };
@@ -542,6 +546,10 @@ function bootstrapMainRuntime(runtimeOptions) {
   ObjectDefineProperty(globalThis, "Deno", util.readOnly(finalDenoNs));
 
   util.log("args", args);
+
+  if (nodeBootstrap) {
+    nodeBootstrap(hasNodeModulesDir, maybeBinaryNpmCommandName);
+  }
 }
 
 function bootstrapWorkerRuntime(
@@ -553,6 +561,8 @@ function bootstrapWorkerRuntime(
     throw new Error("Worker runtime already bootstrapped");
   }
 
+  const nodeBootstrap = globalThis.nodeBootstrap;
+
   const {
     0: args,
     1: cpuCount,
@@ -570,6 +580,8 @@ function bootstrapWorkerRuntime(
     13: userAgent,
     // 14: inspectFlag,
     15: enableTestingFeaturesFlag,
+    16: hasNodeModulesDir,
+    17: maybeBinaryNpmCommandName,
   } = runtimeOptions;
 
   performance.setTimeOrigin(DateNow());
@@ -580,6 +592,7 @@ function bootstrapWorkerRuntime(
   // Remove bootstrapping data from the global scope
   delete globalThis.__bootstrap;
   delete globalThis.bootstrap;
+  delete globalThis.nodeBootstrap;
   hasBootstrapped = true;
 
   if (unstableFlag) {
@@ -649,6 +662,10 @@ function bootstrapWorkerRuntime(
   // Setup `Deno` global - we're actually overriding already
   // existing global `Deno` with `Deno` namespace from "./deno.ts".
   ObjectDefineProperty(globalThis, "Deno", util.readOnly(finalDenoNs));
+
+  if (nodeBootstrap) {
+    nodeBootstrap(hasNodeModulesDir, maybeBinaryNpmCommandName);
+  }
 }
 
 globalThis.bootstrap = {
diff --git a/runtime/ops/worker_host.rs b/runtime/ops/worker_host.rs
index f96ae38e8..9bfbd9d10 100644
--- a/runtime/ops/worker_host.rs
+++ b/runtime/ops/worker_host.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ use crate::web_worker::WorkerControlEvent;
 use crate::web_worker::WorkerId;
 use crate::worker::FormatJsErrorFn;
 use deno_core::error::AnyError;
-use deno_core::futures::future::LocalFutureObj;
 use deno_core::op;
 use deno_core::serde::Deserialize;
 use deno_core::CancelFuture;
@@ -40,10 +39,6 @@ pub type CreateWebWorkerCb = dyn Fn(CreateWebWorkerArgs) -> (WebWorker, Sendable
   + Sync
   + Send;
 
-pub type WorkerEventCb = dyn Fn(WebWorker) -> LocalFutureObj<'static, Result<WebWorker, AnyError>>
-  + Sync
-  + Send;
-
 /// A holder for callback that is used to create a new
 /// WebWorker. It's a struct instead of a type alias
 /// because `GothamState` used in `OpState` overrides
@@ -54,12 +49,6 @@ struct CreateWebWorkerCbHolder(Arc<CreateWebWorkerCb>);
 #[derive(Clone)]
 struct FormatJsErrorFnHolder(Option<Arc<FormatJsErrorFn>>);
 
-#[derive(Clone)]
-struct PreloadModuleCbHolder(Arc<WorkerEventCb>);
-
-#[derive(Clone)]
-struct PreExecuteModuleCbHolder(Arc<WorkerEventCb>);
-
 pub struct WorkerThread {
   worker_handle: WebWorkerHandle,
   cancel_handle: Rc<CancelHandle>,
@@ -98,8 +87,6 @@ deno_core::extension!(
   ],
   options = {
     create_web_worker_cb: Arc<CreateWebWorkerCb>,
-    preload_module_cb: Arc<WorkerEventCb>,
-    pre_execute_module_cb: Arc<WorkerEventCb>,
     format_js_error_fn: Option<Arc<FormatJsErrorFn>>,
   },
   state = |state, options| {
@@ -109,12 +96,6 @@ deno_core::extension!(
     let create_web_worker_cb_holder =
       CreateWebWorkerCbHolder(options.create_web_worker_cb);
     state.put::<CreateWebWorkerCbHolder>(create_web_worker_cb_holder);
-    let preload_module_cb_holder =
-      PreloadModuleCbHolder(options.preload_module_cb);
-    state.put::<PreloadModuleCbHolder>(preload_module_cb_holder);
-    let pre_execute_module_cb_holder =
-      PreExecuteModuleCbHolder(options.pre_execute_module_cb);
-    state.put::<PreExecuteModuleCbHolder>(pre_execute_module_cb_holder);
     let format_js_error_fn_holder =
       FormatJsErrorFnHolder(options.format_js_error_fn);
     state.put::<FormatJsErrorFnHolder>(format_js_error_fn_holder);
@@ -174,10 +155,6 @@ fn op_create_worker(
   let worker_id = state.take::<WorkerId>();
   let create_web_worker_cb = state.take::<CreateWebWorkerCbHolder>();
   state.put::<CreateWebWorkerCbHolder>(create_web_worker_cb.clone());
-  let preload_module_cb = state.take::<PreloadModuleCbHolder>();
-  state.put::<PreloadModuleCbHolder>(preload_module_cb.clone());
-  let pre_execute_module_cb = state.take::<PreExecuteModuleCbHolder>();
-  state.put::<PreExecuteModuleCbHolder>(pre_execute_module_cb.clone());
   let format_js_error_fn = state.take::<FormatJsErrorFnHolder>();
   state.put::<FormatJsErrorFnHolder>(format_js_error_fn.clone());
   state.put::<WorkerId>(worker_id.next().unwrap());
@@ -221,8 +198,6 @@ fn op_create_worker(
       worker,
       module_specifier,
       maybe_source_code,
-      preload_module_cb.0,
-      pre_execute_module_cb.0,
       format_js_error_fn.0,
     )
   })?;
diff --git a/runtime/web_worker.rs b/runtime/web_worker.rs
index a3b93836c..0c4e95140 100644
--- a/runtime/web_worker.rs
+++ b/runtime/web_worker.rs
@@ -338,8 +338,6 @@ pub struct WebWorkerOptions {
   pub module_loader: Rc<dyn ModuleLoader>,
   pub npm_resolver: Option<Arc<dyn deno_node::NpmResolver>>,
   pub create_web_worker_cb: Arc<ops::worker_host::CreateWebWorkerCb>,
-  pub preload_module_cb: Arc<ops::worker_host::WorkerEventCb>,
-  pub pre_execute_module_cb: Arc<ops::worker_host::WorkerEventCb>,
   pub format_js_error_fn: Option<Arc<FormatJsErrorFn>>,
   pub source_map_getter: Option<Box<dyn SourceMapGetter>>,
   pub worker_type: WebWorkerType,
@@ -460,8 +458,6 @@ impl WebWorker {
       ops::runtime::deno_runtime::init_ops_and_esm(main_module.clone()),
       ops::worker_host::deno_worker_host::init_ops_and_esm(
         options.create_web_worker_cb.clone(),
-        options.preload_module_cb.clone(),
-        options.pre_execute_module_cb.clone(),
         options.format_js_error_fn.clone(),
       ),
       ops::fs_events::deno_fs_events::init_ops_and_esm(),
@@ -600,7 +596,7 @@ impl WebWorker {
           .unwrap()
           .into();
       bootstrap_fn
-        .call(scope, undefined.into(), &[args.into(), name_str, id_str])
+        .call(scope, undefined.into(), &[args, name_str, id_str])
         .unwrap();
     }
     // TODO(bartlomieju): this could be done using V8 API, without calling `execute_script`.
@@ -782,11 +778,9 @@ fn print_worker_error(
 /// This function should be called from a thread dedicated to this worker.
 // TODO(bartlomieju): check if order of actions is aligned to Worker spec
 pub fn run_web_worker(
-  worker: WebWorker,
+  mut worker: WebWorker,
   specifier: ModuleSpecifier,
   mut maybe_source_code: Option<String>,
-  preload_module_cb: Arc<ops::worker_host::WorkerEventCb>,
-  pre_execute_module_cb: Arc<ops::worker_host::WorkerEventCb>,
   format_js_error_fn: Option<Arc<FormatJsErrorFn>>,
 ) -> Result<(), AnyError> {
   let name = worker.name.to_string();
@@ -796,20 +790,6 @@ pub fn run_web_worker(
 
   let fut = async move {
     let internal_handle = worker.internal_handle.clone();
-    let result = (preload_module_cb)(worker).await;
-
-    let mut worker = match result {
-      Ok(worker) => worker,
-      Err(e) => {
-        print_worker_error(&e, &name, format_js_error_fn.as_deref());
-        internal_handle
-          .post_event(WorkerControlEvent::TerminalError(e))
-          .expect("Failed to post message to host");
-
-        // Failure to execute script is a terminal error, bye, bye.
-        return Ok(());
-      }
-    };
 
     // Execute provided source code immediately
     let result = if let Some(source_code) = maybe_source_code.take() {
@@ -821,18 +801,6 @@ pub fn run_web_worker(
       // script instead of module
       match worker.preload_main_module(&specifier).await {
         Ok(id) => {
-          worker = match (pre_execute_module_cb)(worker).await {
-            Ok(worker) => worker,
-            Err(e) => {
-              print_worker_error(&e, &name, format_js_error_fn.as_deref());
-              internal_handle
-                .post_event(WorkerControlEvent::TerminalError(e))
-                .expect("Failed to post message to host");
-
-              // Failure to execute script is a terminal error, bye, bye.
-              return Ok(());
-            }
-          };
           worker.start_polling_for_messages();
           worker.execute_main_module(id).await
         }
diff --git a/runtime/worker.rs b/runtime/worker.rs
index 060f5537b..5eefd5fa8 100644
--- a/runtime/worker.rs
+++ b/runtime/worker.rs
@@ -178,8 +178,6 @@ pub struct WorkerOptions {
   pub npm_resolver: Option<Arc<dyn deno_node::NpmResolver>>,
   // Callbacks invoked when creating new instance of WebWorker
   pub create_web_worker_cb: Arc<ops::worker_host::CreateWebWorkerCb>,
-  pub web_worker_preload_module_cb: Arc<ops::worker_host::WorkerEventCb>,
-  pub web_worker_pre_execute_module_cb: Arc<ops::worker_host::WorkerEventCb>,
   pub format_js_error_fn: Option<Arc<FormatJsErrorFn>>,
 
   /// Source map reference for errors.
@@ -221,12 +219,6 @@ pub struct WorkerOptions {
 impl Default for WorkerOptions {
   fn default() -> Self {
     Self {
-      web_worker_preload_module_cb: Arc::new(|_| {
-        unimplemented!("web workers are not supported")
-      }),
-      web_worker_pre_execute_module_cb: Arc::new(|_| {
-        unimplemented!("web workers are not supported")
-      }),
       create_web_worker_cb: Arc::new(|_| {
         unimplemented!("web workers are not supported")
       }),
@@ -362,8 +354,6 @@ impl MainWorker {
       ops::runtime::deno_runtime::init_ops_and_esm(main_module.clone()),
       ops::worker_host::deno_worker_host::init_ops_and_esm(
         options.create_web_worker_cb.clone(),
-        options.web_worker_preload_module_cb.clone(),
-        options.web_worker_pre_execute_module_cb.clone(),
         options.format_js_error_fn.clone(),
       ),
       ops::fs_events::deno_fs_events::init_ops_and_esm(),
@@ -478,9 +468,7 @@ impl MainWorker {
     let bootstrap_fn = self.bootstrap_fn_global.take().unwrap();
     let bootstrap_fn = v8::Local::new(scope, bootstrap_fn);
     let undefined = v8::undefined(scope);
-    bootstrap_fn
-      .call(scope, undefined.into(), &[args.into()])
-      .unwrap();
+    bootstrap_fn.call(scope, undefined.into(), &[args]).unwrap();
   }
 
   /// See [JsRuntime::execute_script](deno_core::JsRuntime::execute_script)
diff --git a/runtime/worker_bootstrap.rs b/runtime/worker_bootstrap.rs
index 9627281a6..0f533344f 100644
--- a/runtime/worker_bootstrap.rs
+++ b/runtime/worker_bootstrap.rs
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 
 use deno_core::v8;
 use deno_core::ModuleSpecifier;
+use serde::Serialize;
+use std::cell::RefCell;
 use std::thread;
 
 use crate::colors;
@@ -55,6 +57,8 @@ pub struct BootstrapOptions {
   pub unstable: bool,
   pub user_agent: String,
   pub inspect: bool,
+  pub has_node_modules_dir: bool,
+  pub maybe_binary_npm_command_name: Option<String>,
 }
 
 impl Default for BootstrapOptions {
@@ -80,135 +84,91 @@ impl Default for BootstrapOptions {
       unstable: Default::default(),
       inspect: Default::default(),
       args: Default::default(),
+      has_node_modules_dir: Default::default(),
+      maybe_binary_npm_command_name: None,
     }
   }
 }
 
+/// This is a struct that we use to serialize the contents of the `BootstrapOptions`
+/// struct above to a V8 form. While `serde_v8` is not as fast as hand-coding this,
+/// it's "fast enough" while serializing a large tuple like this that it doesn't appear
+/// on flamegraphs.
+///
+/// Note that a few fields in here are derived from the process and environment and
+/// are not sourced from the underlying `BootstrapOptions`.
+///
+/// Keep this in sync with `99_main.js`.
+#[derive(Serialize)]
+struct BootstrapV8<'a>(
+  // args
+  &'a Vec<String>,
+  // cpu_count
+  i32,
+  // log_level
+  i32,
+  // runtime_version
+  &'a str,
+  // locale
+  &'a str,
+  // location
+  Option<&'a str>,
+  // no_color
+  bool,
+  // is_tty
+  bool,
+  // ts_version
+  &'a str,
+  // unstable
+  bool,
+  // process_id
+  i32,
+  // env!("TARGET")
+  &'a str,
+  // v8_version
+  &'a str,
+  // user_agent
+  &'a str,
+  // inspect
+  bool,
+  // enable_testing_features
+  bool,
+  // has_node_modules_dir
+  bool,
+  // maybe_binary_npm_command_name
+  Option<&'a str>,
+);
+
 impl BootstrapOptions {
+  /// Return the v8 equivalent of this structure.
   pub fn as_v8<'s>(
     &self,
     scope: &mut v8::HandleScope<'s>,
-  ) -> v8::Local<'s, v8::Array> {
-    let array = v8::Array::new(scope, 16);
-
-    {
-      let args = v8::Array::new(scope, self.args.len() as i32);
-      for (idx, arg) in self.args.iter().enumerate() {
-        let arg_str = v8::String::new(scope, arg).unwrap();
-        args.set_index(scope, idx as u32, arg_str.into());
-      }
-      array.set_index(scope, 0, args.into());
-    }
-
-    {
-      let val = v8::Integer::new(scope, self.cpu_count as i32);
-      array.set_index(scope, 1, val.into());
-    }
-
-    {
-      let val = v8::Integer::new(scope, self.log_level as i32);
-      array.set_index(scope, 2, val.into());
-    }
-
-    {
-      let val = v8::String::new_from_one_byte(
-        scope,
-        self.runtime_version.as_bytes(),
-        v8::NewStringType::Internalized,
-      )
-      .unwrap();
-      array.set_index(scope, 3, val.into());
-    }
-
-    {
-      let val = v8::String::new_from_one_byte(
-        scope,
-        self.locale.as_bytes(),
-        v8::NewStringType::Normal,
-      )
-      .unwrap();
-      array.set_index(scope, 4, val.into());
-    }
-
-    {
-      let val: v8::Local<v8::Value> = if let Some(location) = &self.location {
-        v8::String::new(scope, location.as_str()).unwrap().into()
-      } else {
-        v8::undefined(scope).into()
-      };
-
-      array.set_index(scope, 5, val);
-    }
-
-    {
-      let val = v8::Boolean::new(scope, self.no_color);
-      array.set_index(scope, 6, val.into());
-    }
-
-    {
-      let val = v8::Boolean::new(scope, self.is_tty);
-      array.set_index(scope, 7, val.into());
-    }
-
-    {
-      let val = v8::String::new_from_one_byte(
-        scope,
-        self.ts_version.as_bytes(),
-        v8::NewStringType::Normal,
-      )
-      .unwrap();
-      array.set_index(scope, 8, val.into());
-    }
-
-    {
-      let val = v8::Boolean::new(scope, self.unstable);
-      array.set_index(scope, 9, val.into());
-    }
-
-    {
-      let val = v8::Integer::new(scope, std::process::id() as i32);
-      array.set_index(scope, 10, val.into());
-    }
-
-    {
-      let val = v8::String::new_external_onebyte_static(
-        scope,
-        env!("TARGET").as_bytes(),
-      )
-      .unwrap();
-      array.set_index(scope, 11, val.into());
-    }
-
-    {
-      let val = v8::String::new_from_one_byte(
-        scope,
-        deno_core::v8_version().as_bytes(),
-        v8::NewStringType::Normal,
-      )
-      .unwrap();
-      array.set_index(scope, 12, val.into());
-    }
-
-    {
-      let val = v8::String::new_from_one_byte(
-        scope,
-        self.user_agent.as_bytes(),
-        v8::NewStringType::Normal,
-      )
-      .unwrap();
-      array.set_index(scope, 13, val.into());
-    }
-
-    {
-      let val = v8::Boolean::new(scope, self.inspect);
-      array.set_index(scope, 14, val.into());
-    }
-
-    {
-      let val = v8::Boolean::new(scope, self.enable_testing_features);
-      array.set_index(scope, 15, val.into());
-    }
-
-    array
+  ) -> v8::Local<'s, v8::Value> {
+    let scope = RefCell::new(scope);
+    let ser = deno_core::serde_v8::Serializer::new(&scope);
+
+    let bootstrap = BootstrapV8(
+      &self.args,
+      self.cpu_count as _,
+      self.log_level as _,
+      &self.runtime_version,
+      &self.locale,
+      self.location.as_ref().map(|l| l.as_str()),
+      self.no_color,
+      self.is_tty,
+      &self.ts_version,
+      self.unstable,
+      std::process::id() as _,
+      env!("TARGET"),
+      deno_core::v8_version(),
+      &self.user_agent,
+      self.inspect,
+      self.enable_testing_features,
+      self.has_node_modules_dir,
+      self.maybe_binary_npm_command_name.as_deref(),
+    );
+
+    bootstrap.serialize(ser).unwrap()
   }
 }